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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Trolleybuses in São Paulo ： ウィキペディア英語版 Trolleybuses in São Paulo Trolleybuses in São Paulo provide a portion of the public transport service in Greater São Paulo, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with two independent trolleybus systems.〔Moraes, Jorge (March–April 1999). "São Paulo in 1998". ''Trolleybus Magazine'' No. 224, pp. 32–35. National Trolleybus Association (UK). .〕〔Webb, Mary (ed.) (2011). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2011-2012'', pp. "()" and "()" (in foreword). Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2954-8.〕 The SPTrans (São Paulo Transportes) system opened in 1949 and serves the city of São Paulo, while the Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo (EMTU) system opened in 1988 and serves suburban areas to the southeast of the city proper. Worldwide, São Paulo is one of only two metropolitan areas possessing two independent trolleybus systems, the other being Naples, Italy.〔 ==History== The urban network now owned by SPTrans opened on 22 April 1949,〔〔 the first trolleybus system to open in Brazil.〔Murray, Alan (2000). ''World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia'', pp. 49, 81. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.〕 The municipally owned system was operated by the ''Companhia Municipal de Transportes Coletivos'' (Municipal Public Transport Authority) (CMTC) until 1994, when it was semi-privatized, with a new municipal authority, SPTrans, maintaining public ownership of the system but with operation contracted out to private companies through a competitive bidding. At the start of privately run operation, there were three different concessionaires for different parts of the SPTrans, ex-CMTC trolleybus network.〔 The SPTrans network was much larger at that time. The SPTrans system comprises 13 lines (two of them currently suspended) and is operated with 199 trolleybuses by a concessionaire, Ambiental Transportes Urbanos. SPTrans owns and maintains the infrastructure, such as overhead wires, substations, passenger terminals and depots/garages. Ambiental is responsible for purchasing new vehicles, but ownership of vehicles passes to SPTrans eight years from time of purchase. Ambiental was awarded the concession to operate the service in SPTrans Zone 4 (also known as the Eastern Zone), both trolleybus and motorbus, in 2011, after the purchase of Himalaia Transportes. The EMTU trolleybus system opened on 3 December 1988,〔〔 (sometimes given as 19 November 1988,〔 when free public service began operating). It currently has six lines, serving the São Mateus–Jabaquara Metropolitan Corridor, which links São Paulo with the ABC Region cities of Diadema, São Bernardo do Campo, Santo Andre and Mauá in Greater São Paulo. These lines are also operated by a concessionaire, Metra, under the supervision of EMTU. Metra was awarded the contract in 1997.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trolleybuses in São Paulo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.